<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2 20190208//EN" "http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.2/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2518-1092</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Research result. Information technologies</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2518-1092</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18413/2518-1092-2026-11-2-0-7</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">4257</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DECISION MAKING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>&lt;strong&gt;APPROACHES TO DETECTING ANOMALOUS HUMAN BEHAVIOR BASED ON IMAGES FROM CCTV CAMERAS&lt;/strong&gt;</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>&lt;strong&gt;APPROACHES TO DETECTING ANOMALOUS HUMAN BEHAVIOR BASED ON IMAGES FROM CCTV CAMERAS&lt;/strong&gt;</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Basov</surname><given-names>Oleg Olegovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Basov</surname><given-names>Oleg Olegovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>oobasov@mail.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Kolesnikova</surname><given-names>Anastasia Ilyinichna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnikova</surname><given-names>Anastasia Ilyinichna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>nastya.wheel@gmail.com</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>0</fpage><lpage>0</lpage><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>This paper presents a review of approaches to the automatic detection of anomalous human behavior from surveillance video recordings. The relevance of the study is обусловлена the diversity of existing yet insufficiently systematized approaches to anomaly detection, as well as the presence of unresolved problems that remain in this field. The review focuses on methods aimed at detecting deviant human behavior. Existing studies are systematized, the main directions of the field&amp;rsquo;s development and its current challenges are identified, and the advantages and limitations of the considered approaches are analyzed. Special attention is given to the datasets used for human behavior anomaly detection, including their application focus, data volume, and annotation characteristics. The study shows that semi-supervised learning currently dominates in the VAD field, whereas supervised learning remains relevant for narrow domains in which anomalous behavior can be clearly defined.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper presents a review of approaches to the automatic detection of anomalous human behavior from surveillance video recordings. The relevance of the study is обусловлена the diversity of existing yet insufficiently systematized approaches to anomaly detection, as well as the presence of unresolved problems that remain in this field. The review focuses on methods aimed at detecting deviant human behavior. Existing studies are systematized, the main directions of the field&amp;rsquo;s development and its current challenges are identified, and the advantages and limitations of the considered approaches are analyzed. Special attention is given to the datasets used for human behavior anomaly detection, including their application focus, data volume, and annotation characteristics. The study shows that semi-supervised learning currently dominates in the VAD field, whereas supervised learning remains relevant for narrow domains in which anomalous behavior can be clearly defined.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>video surveillance</kwd><kwd>anomaly detection</kwd><kwd>computer vision</kwd><kwd>semi-supervised learning</kwd><kwd>datasets</kwd><kwd>systematization of approaches</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>video surveillance</kwd><kwd>anomaly detection</kwd><kwd>computer vision</kwd><kwd>semi-supervised learning</kwd><kwd>datasets</kwd><kwd>systematization of approaches</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>Список литературы</title><ref id="B1"><mixed-citation>1. Deviant Behavior. Entsiklopediya prava, 2015. URL: https://encyclopediya_prava.academic.ru/1486/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5 (accessed: 29.03.2026).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><mixed-citation>2. Mardakhaev L.V. Social Pedagogy. Moscow: Gardariki, 2005. 269 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><mixed-citation>3. Deviant Behavior. Bol&amp;rsquo;shaya rossiyskaya entsiklopediya, 2022. URLt: https://bigenc.ru/c/otkloniaiushcheesia-povedenie-b3ad70 (accessed: 29.03.2026).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><mixed-citation>4. UBnormal: New Benchmark for Supervised Open-Set Video Anomaly Detection / Acsintoae A., Florescu A., Georgescu M.-I., Mare T., Sumedrea P., Ionescu R. T., Khan F. S., Shah M. // Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). 2022. P. 20143&amp;ndash;20153.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><mixed-citation>5. VFP290K: A Large-Scale Benchmark Dataset for Vision-based Fallen Person Detection / An J., Kim J., Lee&amp;nbsp;H., Kim J., Kang J., Shin S., Kim M., Hong D., Woo S.S. // NeurIPS 2021 Datasets and Benchmarks Track. 2021.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><mixed-citation>6. SUSAN: A Deep Learning-Based Architecture for Violence Detection Against Women in Surveillance Videos / Andrade J.P.F., Si T., Cavalcanti A.P., Nascimento A.C.A., Miranda P.B.C. // Expert Systems with Applications. 2025. Vol. 280. Art. 127337. DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2025.127337.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><mixed-citation>7. Weapon Detection in Real-Time CCTV Videos Using Deep Learning / Bhatti M.T., Khan M.G., Aslam M., Fiaz M.J. // IEEE Access. 2021. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3059170.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><mixed-citation>8. HR-Crime: Human-Related Anomaly Detection in Surveillance Videos / Boekhoudt K., Matei A., Aghaei&amp;nbsp;M., Talavera E. // Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns. CAIP 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2021. P. 164&amp;ndash;174. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89131-2_15.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><mixed-citation>9. Khraief C., Benzarti F., Amiri H. Elderly Fall Detection Based on Multi-Stream Deep</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><mixed-citation>Convolutional Networks // Multimedia Tools and Applications. 2020. Vol. 79. P. 19537&amp;ndash;19560.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><mixed-citation>DOI: 10.1007/s11042-020-08812-x.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><mixed-citation>10. Convolutional Neural Network-Based Fast Seizure Detection from Video Electroencephalograms / Chou&amp;nbsp;C.-H., Shen T.-W., Tung H., Hsieh P.F., Kuo C.-E., Chen T.-M., Yang C.-W. // Biomedical Signal Processing and Control. 2023. Vol. 80. Art. 104380. DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2022.104380.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><mixed-citation>11. A New Comprehensive Benchmark for Semi-Supervised Video Anomaly Detection and Anticipation / Cao&amp;nbsp;C., Lu Y., Wang P., Zhang Y. // Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). 2023. P. 20392- 20401. DOI: 10.1109/CVPR52729.2023.01953.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><mixed-citation>12. Chinthulla A. Deep Learning-Based Detection of Shoplifting Behavior: Using 3DCNN and LRCN: Masters thesis. Dublin: National College of Ireland, 2025.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><mixed-citation>13. Cong Y., Yuan J., Liu J. Sparse Reconstruction Cost for Abnormal Event Detection // 2011 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). 2011. P. 3449&amp;ndash;3456. DOI: 10.1109/CVPR.2011.5995434.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><mixed-citation>14. Combining a Mobile Deep Neural Network and a Recurrent Layer for Violence Detection in Videos / Contardo P., Tomassini S., Falcionelli N., Dragoni A.F., Sernani P. // Proceedings of the RTA-CSIT 2023: 5th International Conference on Recent Trends and Applications in Computer Science and Information Technology. 2023. P. 35-43.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><mixed-citation>15. CHAD: Charlotte Anomaly Dataset / Danesh Pazho A., Alinezhad Noghre G., Rahimi Ardabili B., Neff&amp;nbsp;C., Tabkhi H. // Image Analysis. SCIA 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2023. P. 50&amp;ndash;66. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-31435-3_4.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><mixed-citation>16. de Paula D.D., Salvadeo D.H.P., de Araujo D.M.N. CamNuvem: A Robbery Dataset for Video Anomaly Detection // Sensors. 2022. Vol. 22. No. 24. Art. 10016. DOI: 10.3390/s222410016.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><mixed-citation>17. Degardin B., Proen&amp;ccedil;a H. Iterative Weak/Self-Supervised Classification Framework for Abnormal Events Detection // Pattern Recognition Letters. 2021. Vol. 145. P. 50&amp;ndash;57. DOI: 10.1016/j.patrec.2021.01.031.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><mixed-citation>18. Fernandez-Testa S., Salcedo E. Distributed Intelligent Video Surveillance for Early Armed Robbery Detection Based on Deep Learning // 2024 37th SIBGRAPI Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images (SIBGRAPI). 2024. DOI: 10.1109/SIBGRAPI62404.2024.10716299.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><mixed-citation>19. Contracting Skeletal Kinematics for Human-Related Video Anomaly Detection / Flaborea A., D&amp;rsquo;Amely di Melendugno G.M., D&amp;rsquo;Arrigo S., Sterpa M.A., Sampieri A., Galasso F. // Pattern Recognition. 2024. Vol. 156. Art. 110817. DOI: 10.1016/j.patcog.2024.110817.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><mixed-citation>20. Hasan M., Choi J., Neumann J., Roy-Chowdhury A.K., Davis L.S. Learning Temporal Regularity in Video Sequences // 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). 2016. P. 733-742</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><mixed-citation>21. A Deep Spatio-Temporal Network for Vision-Based Sexual Harassment Detection / Islam M.S., Hasan&amp;nbsp;M.M., Abdullah S., Akbar J.U.M., Arafat N., Murad S. // Proceedings of the 2021 Emerging Technology in Computing, Communication and Electronics (ETCCE). 2021. P. 1&amp;ndash;6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><mixed-citation>22. Kirichenko L., Radivilova T., Sydorenko B., Yakovlev S. Detection of Shoplifting on Video Using a Hybrid Network // Computation. 2022. Vol. 10. No. 11. Art. 199. DOI: 10.3390/computation10110199.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><mixed-citation>23. Video-Based Detection of Freezing of Gait in Daily Clinical Practice in Patients With Parkinsonism / Kondo Y., Bando K., Suzuki I., Miyazaki Y., Nishida D., Hara T., Kadone H., Suzuki K. // IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering. 2024. Vol. 32. P. 2250&amp;ndash;2260. DOI: 10.1109/TNSRE.2024.3413055.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><mixed-citation>24. Li W., Mahadevan V., Vasconcelos N. Anomaly Detection and Localization in Crowded Scenes // IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 2014. Vol. 36. No. 1. P. 18&amp;ndash;32. DOI: 10.1109/TPAMI.2013.111.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><mixed-citation>25. Liu W., Luo W., Lian D., Gao S. Future Frame Prediction for Anomaly Detection &amp;ndash; A New Baseline // Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). 2018. P. 6536&amp;ndash;6545. DOI: 10.1109/CVPR.2018.00684.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><mixed-citation>26. Lu C., Shi J., Jia J. Abnormal Event Detection at 150 FPS in MATLAB // Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV). 2013. P. 2720&amp;ndash;2727. DOI: 10.1109/ICCV.2013.338.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><mixed-citation>27. Mahadevan V., Li W., Bhalodia V., Vasconcelos N. Anomaly Detection in Crowded Scenes // 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). 2010. P. 1975&amp;ndash;1981.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><mixed-citation>28. Graph Embedded Pose Clustering for Anomaly Detection / Markovitz A., Sharir G., Friedman I., Zelnik-Manor L., Avidan S. // 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). 2020. DOI: 10.1109/CVPR42600.2020.01055.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><mixed-citation>29. Criminal Intention Detection at Early Stages of Shoplifting Cases by Using 3D Convolutional Neural Networks / Mart&amp;iacute;nez-Mascorro G.A., Abreu-Pederzini J.R., Ortiz-Bayliss J.C., Garcia-Collantes A., Terashima-Mar&amp;iacute;n H. // Computation. 2021. Vol. 9. No. 2. Art. 24. DOI: 10.3390/computation9020024.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><mixed-citation>30. Shoplifting Detection Using Hybrid Neural Network CNN-BiLSMT and Development of Benchmark Dataset / Muneer I., Saddique M., Habib Z., Mohamed H.G. // Applied Sciences. 2023. Vol. 13. No. 14. Art. 8341. DOI: 10.3390/app13148341.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><mixed-citation>31. Detecting School Violence Using Artificial Intelligence to Interpret Surveillance Video Sequences / Narynov S., Zhumanov Z., Gumar A., Khassanova M., Omarov B. // Advances in Computational Collective Intelligence. ICCCI 2021. 2021. P. 401&amp;ndash;412. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-88113-9_32.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><mixed-citation>32. N&amp;uacute;&amp;ntilde;ez-Marcos A., Arganda-Carreras I. Transformer-Based Fall Detection in Videos // Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. 2024. Vol. 132. Art. 107937. DOI: 10.1016/j.engappai.2024.107937.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><mixed-citation>33. Nyajowi T., Oyie N.O., Ahuna M. CNN Real-Time Detection of Vandalism Using a Hybrid-LSTM Deep Learning Neural Networks // 2021 IEEE AFRICON. 2021. P. 1&amp;ndash;6. DOI: 10.1109/AFRICON51333.2021.9570902.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><mixed-citation>34. Keskes O., Noumeir R. Vision-Based Fall Detection Using ST-GCN // IEEE Access. 2021. Vol. 9. P. 28224&amp;ndash;28236. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3058219.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><mixed-citation>35. Automated Analysis and Detection of Epileptic Seizures in Video Recordings Using Artificial Intelligence&amp;nbsp;/ Rai P., Knight A., Hiillos M., Kert&amp;eacute;sz C., Morales E., Terney D., Larsen S. A., &amp;Oslash;sterkjerhuus T., Peltola&amp;nbsp;J., Beniczky S. // Frontiers in Neuroinformatics. 2024. Vol. 18. Art. 1324981. DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2024.1324981.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><mixed-citation>36. Shopformer: Transformer-Based Framework for Detecting Shoplifting via Human Pose / Rashvand N., Alinezhad Noghre G., Danesh Pazho A., Rahimi Ardabili B., Tabkhi H. // 2025 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW). 2025. P. 5752&amp;ndash;5761. DOI: 10.1109/CVPRW67362.2025.00574.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><mixed-citation>37. Exploring Pose-Based Anomaly Detection for Retail Security: A Real-World Shoplifting Dataset and Benchmark / Rashvand N., Alinezhad Noghre G., Danesh Pazho A., Yao S., Tabkhi H. // Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision Workshops (WACVW). 2025.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><mixed-citation>38. Salido J., Lomas V., Ruiz-Santaquiteria J., Deniz O. Automatic Handgun Detection with Deep Learning in Video Surveillance Images // Applied Sciences. 2021. Vol. 11. No. 13. Art. 6085. DOI: 10.3390/app11136085.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><mixed-citation>39. Sofianos T., Sampieri A., Franco L., Galasso F. Space-Time-Separable Graph Convolutional Network for Pose Forecasting // Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV). 2021. P.&amp;nbsp;11189&amp;ndash;11198. DOI: 10.1109/ICCV48922.2021.01102.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><mixed-citation>40. Sultani W., Chen C., Shah M. Real-World Anomaly Detection in Surveillance Videos // Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). 2018. P. 6479- 6488.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><mixed-citation>41. Connie T., Aderinola T. B., Ong T. S., Goh M. K. O., Erfianto B., Purnama B. Pose-Based Gait Analysis for Diagnosis of Parkinson&amp;rsquo;s Disease // Algorithms. 2022. Vol. 15. No. 12. Art. 474. DOI: 10.3390/a15120474.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><mixed-citation>42. Not Only Look, but Also Listen: Learning Multimodal Violence Detection under Weak Supervision / Wu&amp;nbsp;P., Liu J., Shi Y., Sun Y., Shao F., Wu Z., Yang Z. // Computer Vision &amp;ndash; ECCV 2020. 2020. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58577-8_20.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><mixed-citation>43. Cai X., Li S., Liu X., Han G. Vision-Based Fall Detection With Multi-Task Hourglass Convolutional Auto-Encoder // IEEE Access. 2020. Vol. 8. P. 44493&amp;ndash;44502. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2978249.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><mixed-citation>44. Towards Surveillance Video-and-Language Understanding: New Dataset, Baselines, and Challenges / Yuan T., Zhang X., Liu K., Liu B., Chen C., Jin J., Jiao Z. // Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). 2024. P. 22052-22061. DOI: 10.1109/CVPR52733.2024.02082.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>