The article discusses popular tools and methods of system analysis that allow modeling organizational and business processes in order to optimize them. The authors show that the optimization of organizational and business processes, as a rule, comes down to the conformity or inconsistency of the modeled system with the general system principles and laws. At the same time, the existing methods of system analysis do not allow taking into account in the models all the system characteristics of the modeled object, which directly affect the implementation of the functional request of the supersystem. To solve optimization problems, the authors propose to use the system-object approach and systems theory built on its basis. The paper presents the main provisions of the method of system-object modeling of processes and systems. The article considers, first of all, the formal apparatus of the method – the calculus of systems as functional objects, which in the future will allow developing methods for optimizing organizational and business processes based on taking into account general system principles and laws. On the basis of such methods, it will be possible to implement optimization algorithms that will automatically bring the model of the organizational and business process in accordance with one or another optimization parameter.